If I was to build my self all of the structures in my colony, maxed out to full rank ! Would my score, power and rank be high then before if everything else other than the structures was the same as before I had built the structures?! Does it affect your score or do structures merely just provide the advantages they do?!

structure will not affect ur score. But they will have a great contribution to ur building up score.

Resource structures (the first 4 structures) will help u gain more resource, which will help u make more troops. Energy is used for gating, scanning, sending nukes and spies mostly.

Conversion building (the next one) will help u not to waste all the uneeded resources.

Military buildings (next 2) will help u have stronger troops, which will make u have better chance against other enemy.

Intelligence buildings (last 2) will help u to have more options to get intel and spy.

In other words, structure will indirectly affect ur score, power and rank, as well as how good u will do in that era.

And if u haven't known yet, only units, workers, crystals, resource outposts, and relics affect directly to ur score.